What to Eat Before Surgery
The American College of Surgeons Strong for Surgery program features preoperative checklists to put patients in a prime position for successful surgical procedures. Eating well before surgery builds up nutritional reserves, providing micro- and macronutrients that serve as building blocks for every cell in the body.2 Eating enough calories, protein, vitamins, and minerals may help make recovery from surgery quicker and smoother. Tips for a healthy pre-surgery diet include:
- Whole grains, fruits, vegetables and dairy products
- Protein-rich foods, including lean meat (turkey, chicken, or pork), fish, poultry, beans, eggs, cheese, nuts, tofu, milk, cottage cheese, yogurt, and protein drinks
- Drinking at least 6 to 8 eight-ounce cups of fluid each day to stay well hydrated
What to Eat When Recovering from Surgery
Continuing a healthy diet after surgery is important for a swift recovery. Many patients will not feel up to cooking full meals after a procedure, opting instead for fast food or processed food in their first post-operation days. However, it is important to avoid processed foods, as they typically contain less fiber and more fat, which can lead to constipation and decreased healing.3
Protein plays an important role in helping the body rebuild tissue after surgery. Red meat tends to be high in saturated fat and should be avoided, but lean meats or non-meat proteins (eggs, tofu, or beans), along with fish and other seafood, are excellent choices to ensure adequate protein intake. Incorporating foods high in Vitamin C—the vitamin that promotes healing—in a post-surgery diet is another important step toward effective recovery. Examples of foods rich in Vitamin C are citrus fruits, red peppers, berries, and broccoli. And while it’s tempting to celebrate a successful surgery by toasting with a cocktail, alcohol consumption can dehydrate the body, which can hinder the healing process. Ask your doctor how long you should wait after surgery before consuming alcohol.
Effects of Poor Nutrition on Surgery and Recovery
Surgery can place a lot of stress on the body, and neglecting nutrition after surgery can have consequences. Poor eating habits during surgical recovery can lead to delayed wound healing, impaired immune function, and interference with heart, liver, and kidney functions. This may slow the body’s ability to recuperate and lead to extended hospitalization.1
According to ACS Senior Vice President of Member Services, Michael J. Sutherland, MD, MBA, FACS, “While there is no ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach to preparing for and recovering from surgery, practicing healthy daily habits and having candid conversations with your care team about your goals can greatly improve your results.”4 Patients should discuss their unique nutritional needs with their surgical team. Doctors may recommend a meeting with a dietitian to help a patient lose weight, gain weight, or control blood sugar levels.
